Virginia’s permitting process is governed by the Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code (USBC), which adopts and amends portions of the International Codes (I-Codes) and is enforced by local jurisdictions.
While the USBC provides consistency across the state, individual cities and counties administer permits, and requirements can vary depending on project size, scope, and zoning considerations.
Contractors working in Virginia should be prepared for additional approvals related to Chesapeake Bay preservation areas, historic districts in cities like Richmond and Alexandria, and stormwater regulations for new development.
Who issues building permits in Virginia?
Building permits are issued by the local city or county building department.
Some key examples:
- Fairfax County Land Development Services
- City of Richmond Permits and Inspections Division
- Virginia Beach Permits and Inspections
- Arlington County Inspection Services Division
- Loudoun County Building and Development
For state-owned projects, oversight may involve the Virginia Department of General Services.
When do you need a building permit in Virginia?
Most construction projects in Virginia require a building permit, including:
- New residential and commercial structures
- Additions, renovations, or structural alterations
- Electrical, plumbing, and mechanical installations or upgrades
- Demolition of structures
- Roof replacements, siding, and window/door changes (depending on jurisdiction)
- Decks, garages, sheds, and accessory buildings
- Solar panel and EV charger installations
Exemptions may include:
- Cosmetic work such as painting, flooring, or cabinetry
- Non-structural repairs under a certain dollar threshold
- Small accessory structures (under 256 square feet in some localities)
Virginia building permit requirements
Typical submission requirements include:
- Completed permit application
- Construction drawings (signed/sealed by a licensed architect or engineer for commercial and large projects)
- Site plan showing property boundaries, setbacks, and easements
- Contractor license issued by the Virginia Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation (DPOR)
- Proof of compliance with the Virginia Energy Conservation Code
- Estimated project valuation
Additional documents may be required, including:
- Erosion and sediment control permits for projects disturbing more than 2,500 square feet (smaller threshold in Chesapeake Bay areas)
- Historic district approvals in cities like Alexandria, Williamsburg, or Richmond
- Floodplain development permits in coastal or riverine zones
Virginia building permit costs
Permit fees vary by jurisdiction and are generally based on project valuation, square footage, or trade-specific flat fees.
Typical ranges include:
- Residential new construction: $1,000-$3,500 depending on size and locality
- Commercial construction: $5,000-$20,000+ for mid-size projects, plus plan review fees
- Trade permits: $50-$300 each (electrical, plumbing, mechanical)
- Flat-rate permits: $50-$150 for small projects (fences, minor repairs, HVAC replacements)
Unique considerations when permitting in Virginia
Uniform but local enforcement
While the USBC standardizes building codes, local jurisdictions may apply additional zoning, stormwater, or environmental requirements.
Chesapeake Bay Preservation Act
Extra requirements apply for projects in environmentally sensitive areas within 500 feet of tidal waters.
Historic preservation
Older cities like Richmond, Alexandria, and Williamsburg have designated districts requiring additional review for exterior modifications.
Stormwater management
Many localities require permits for land disturbance greater than 2,500 square feet (or 10,000 sq. ft. in non-Chesapeake Bay areas).
Coastal and floodplain construction
Tidewater and coastal Virginia projects often require FEMA floodplain compliance and elevation certificates.
How to get a building permit in Virginia
The permitting process typically includes:
- Identify jurisdiction – Confirm whether the project falls under a county, city, or town building department.
- Zoning clearance – Ensure compliance with local land-use and setback rules.
- Prepare documents – Submit site plans, construction drawings, contractor license, and supporting materials.
- Apply for permit – Online through municipal portals or in person.
- Plan review – Conducted by building, zoning, and sometimes fire or stormwater departments.
- Pay fees – Based on valuation, square footage, or trade category.
- Permit issuance – Displayed at the job site during construction.
- Inspections – Scheduled at milestones (foundation, framing, electrical, plumbing, mechanical, final).
